K8s Storage

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#Storage

Kubernetes 存储指南

📌 内容目录

Kubernetes 存储类型概览

类型 描述 典型使用场景
EmptyDir 临时存储，与 Pod 生命周期绑定 缓存、临时文件、中间计算结果
HostPath 节点本地目录 本地开发、调试、快速实验
NFS 网络共享文件系统 多 Pod 共享文件、轻量级生产环境
Ceph RBD / CephFS 分布式块存储与文件存储 企业级数据库、高可用、可扩展
Local PV 节点本地磁盘 高性能数据库、低延迟应用
CSI 驱动（云厂商） 云原生存储接口 云上生产环境、动态创建磁盘/NAS
Longhorn 轻量级分布式存储 K3s、边缘集群、无专用存储设备
OpenEBS 容器原生本地存储 数据库、边缘节点、高性能本地磁盘

1. EmptyDir

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: emptydir-demo
spec:
  containers:
    - name: app
      image: nginx
      volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /cache
          name: cache-volume
  volumes:
    - name: cache-volume
      emptyDir: {}

2. HostPath

apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: hostpath-demo
spec:
  containers:
    - name: app
      image: busybox
      command: ["sh", "-c", "sleep 3600"]
      volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /data
          name: test-volume
  volumes:
    - name: test-volume
      hostPath:
        path: /tmp/data
        type: DirectoryOrCreate

3. NFS

helm repo add nfs-subdir-external-provisioner https://kubernetes-sigs.github.io/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner/
helm install nfs-provisioner nfs-subdir-external-provisioner/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner \
  --set nfs.server=192.168.1.10 --set nfs.path=/export/data
  • PVC 和 Pod 示例:
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: nfs-pvc
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteMany
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 5Gi
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: nfs-demo
spec:
  volumes:
    - name: nfs-storage
      persistentVolumeClaim:
        claimName: nfs-pvc
  containers:
    - name: app
      image: busybox
      command: ["sh", "-c", "sleep 3600"]
      volumeMounts:
        - name: nfs-storage
          mountPath: /mnt

4. Ceph RBD / CephFS

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ceph/ceph-csi/devel/deploy/rbd/kubernetes/csi-rbdplugin.yaml
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ceph/ceph-csi/devel/deploy/cephfs/kubernetes/csi-cephfsplugin.yaml
  • StorageClass 示例:
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: rook-ceph-block
provisioner: rook-ceph.rbd.csi.ceph.com
parameters:
  pool: replicapool
  imageFeatures: layering
reclaimPolicy: Delete
allowVolumeExpansion: true

5. Local Persistent Volume

  • StorageClass 示例:
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: local-storage
provisioner: kubernetes.io/no-provisioner
volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer

6. CSI 驱动（云厂商）

kubectl apply -k "github.com/kubernetes-sigs/aws-ebs-csi-driver/deploy/kubernetes/overlays/stable/ecr/?ref=release-1.36"

7. Longhorn

helm repo add longhorn https://charts.longhorn.io
helm install longhorn longhorn/longhorn --namespace longhorn-system --create-namespace

8. OpenEBS

helm repo add openebs https://openebs.github.io/charts
helm install openebs openebs/openebs